Lateral lumbar fusion is a commonly used spinal fusion technique that allows for indirect neural decompression while correcting sagittal malalignment. The lateral position has evolved to include placement of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation, anterior longitudinal ligament release, and approach the L5-S1 segment. This review article focuses on the anatomy and technique of the single-position anterior column spinal fusion and highlights the recent trends, outcomes, and future directions for the approach.