Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jss-20-598). Dr. SB reports personal fees from K2M, from Medtronic, personal fees from Nuvasive, from Orthofix, personal fees from Stryker, outside the submitted work; Dr. DB reports grants from Bioventus, grants from Depuy, grants from Pfizer, grants from Progenerative Medical, outside the submitted work; Dr. PP reports other from Allosource, personal fees from Globus Medical, personal fees from Medicrea, personal fees from Royal Biologics, personal fees from SpineWave, personal fees from Terumo, personal fees from Zimmer, outside the submitted work; Dr. MG reports grants from Depuy, personal fees from Globus, grants from Innomed, personal fees from Johnson and Johnson, personal fees from Medtronic, other from Proctor and Gamble, personal fees from Wolters Kluwer Health, outside the submitted work; Dr. TP reports other from Altus, personal fees from Globus Medical, personal fees from Medicrea, personal fees from Nuvasive, other from Spine Align, personal fees from Stryker, other from Torus Medical, outside the submitted work; Dr. HJK reports personal fees from Alphatec, other from K2M, other from Zimmer, outside the submitted work; Dr. JSS reports other from Alphatec, personal fees from Carlsmed, personal fees from Cerapedics, grants from Depuy, other from Nuvasive, personal fees from Styker, other from Zimmer, outside the submitted work; Dr. RE reports personal fees from Aesculap, other from Alphatec, personal fees from Baxter, personal fees from Biederman-Motech, personal fees from Carevature, other from Globus, other from Invuity, personal fees from Medtronic, other from Nocimed, personal fees and other from Nuvasive, personal fees from Radius, other from Seaspine, personal fees and other from SI Bone, other from Spine Innovations, outside the submitted work; Dr. KK reports personal fees and other from Depuy, personal fees and other from Orthofix, other from Strykler, outside the submitted work; Dr. GM reports personal fees from Carlsmed, other from K2M, other from Nuvasive, personal fees from Seaspine, personal fees from Stryker, personal fees from Viseon, outside the submitted work; Dr. CS reports grants from Depuy, grants from Globus, grants and other from Medtronic, other from Nuvasive, other from SI Bone, outside the submitted work; Dr. JG reports grants and other from Accuity, other from Cingulate, personal fees from Depuy, grants from Integra, personal fees from Intellirod, personal fees from K2M, personal fees from Mazor, personal fees from Medtronic, grants from Norton Healthcare, other from Nuvasive, personal fees from Pfizer, personal fees from Stryker, outside the submitted work; Dr. VL reports personal fees from Depuy, personal fees from Globus, other from Nuvasive, personal fees from Permanante Medical Group, outside the submitted work; Dr. FS reports grants from Depuy, personal fees from Globus, from K2M, personal fees from Medicrea, grants, personal fees and other from Medtronic, grants from Nuvasive, grants from Styker, grants, personal fees and other from Zimmer, outside the submitted work. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.