Degenerative spondylolisthesis with or without spondylolysis, multiply recurrent disk herniation, and degenerative disk disease commonly presents as back and leg pain, weakness and paresthesias. Surgical intervention, to include lumbar decompression with instrumented fusion with or without interbody fusion, is recommended to patients who are refractory to at least six weeks of nonoperative treatment, or patients with severe or progressive neurological deficits. This paper reviews the pre- and post-operative considerations, as well as the surgical technique, for a minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for the above conditions.