Objective:

To analyze the anatomical location of the ureter in relation to lateral lumbar interbody fusion and evaluate the potential risk of ureteral injury.

Methods:

108 patients who performed contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scans were enrolled in this study. The location of the ureter from L2-L3 to L4-L5 was evaluated. The distances between the ureter and psoas muscle, intervertebral disc, and retroperitoneal vessels were also recorded bilaterally.

Results:

Over 30% of the ureters were close to the working corridor of XLIF at L2-L3. Most of the ureters were close to working corridor of OLIF, especially at L4-L5. The distance from the ureter to the great vessels on the left side was significantly narrowing from L2-L3 to L4-L5 (28.8±9.5mm, 22.0±8.0mm, 15.5±8.4mm), and it was significantly larger than that on the right side (12.3±6.1mm, 7.4±5.7mm, 5.4±4.4mm).

Conclusion:

Our findings indicate that the location of the ureter varies widely among individuals. To avoid unexpected damage to the ureter, it is imperative to directly visualize it and verify the ureter is not in the surgical pathway during lateral lumbar interbody fusion.