Steven Falowski consults for Abbott, Medtronic, Aurora, Boston Scientific, Vertos and Saluda. Research is performed with Abbott, Medtronic, Biotronik, Saluda, and Vertiflex. Equity positions held in Saluda, Aurora, PainTeq, CornerLoc, SPR Therapeutics, Thermaquil, Stimgenics, SpineThera, Neural Integrative Solutions, and AGR. Vipul Mangal reports grants from Medtronic, Aurora Spine, Abbott, Boston Scientific, Vertos, SI Fix, and Stimwave, outside the submitted work. Dr Jason Pope consults for Aurora Spine, Vertos, Vertiflex, Flowonix, Abbott, Medtronic, AIS, SPR Therapeutics, Biotronik, Spark, Thermaquil, Saluda, PainTeq, and WISE, outside the submitted work. He is also the co-founder for Celeri Health. Dr Anish Patel reports personal fees from Medtronic, Nevro, Abbott, Flowonix, Camber Spine, Aurora Spine, Spine BioPharma, AIS Healthcare, Stimwave, and Cornerloc, outside the submitted work. Dr Michael A Fishman reports grants, personal fees, and stock options from Aurora Pain Care, personal fees from Biotronik, Abbott, Braeburn, Foundation Fusion Solutions, Institute for Musculoskeletal Education, and Nevro; grants from Medtronic, holds stock options from Celeri Health, SGX International, and Thermaquil, outside the submitted work. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work.